Power-loom



\ N. PETERS, PHOTWUTHOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

N. PETERS. PHOTO-LITHBGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D C1 .iA-Mns NiELD, or TAUNToN; MASSACHUSETTS.

Pow'ER-Looia. f

specification @Letters Patent 310.6599, `dated May 25, 1842i.

To all whom t may concern Be itknown that I, JAMES NIELD, o Taunton, in the county of Bristol and State of `lVIassachusetts, have invented `certain new and useful improvements in Looms for Weaving, and t-hatthe following specification, taken in connection with theaccom-` panyingdrawings', forms a full and exact description thereof.

Figure l, of the drawings above men-l tioned represents a top view of `a loom in` which my improvements are embodied.. Fig.

2, is an elevation of `the breast beam side.

Fig.` 3, is anelevation` of theright hand end.`

Fig. 4, is an elevation of the left hand end. Fig. 15, is a central and vertical section, which also represents a view of the mechanism of the right hand half of the apparatus. Fig. 6, is a central and vertical `section exhibiting a view of the partsV of the left handhalf of the machine.`

Such other figures asare necessary to a more complete representation of the several parts, in detail, are hereinafter referred to and described. i

A, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, denotes the main frame on which the operative members `of the apparatus are supported.

B isthe breast beam.

C is *the lay for beating the weft into the warps.

D is the reed of the lay.

E is the cloth beam orroller upon which the fabric is wound as the weaving process progresses, the cloth or its selvage edges beine' re aresented `b red lines in Fig. l. t3 2D The lay is vibrated by connecting rods a, a,

proceeding from a crank shaft b.

A standard 0,; Figs. l, 3, 5, applied and secured tothe inner side of the righthand end of the frame, has two` horizontal arbors cl, e, project-ing from its inner face, each arbor supporting one of two small drum pulleys f, g. One end of each of a series of cords li, it, 7L, is attached to the front of the periphery of the upper pulley g. Eachof said cords is passed rearward, and between" two of a series of vertical stringsz', z', z', arranged (like the wires of the reed) in a small frame lo, which is'fastened vertically upon the lay at or near t-he end of the reed, and in the plane of the reed continued laterally. From the strings z', i, i, each of the cords lt, continues to and around a horizontal pin 2, of a stirrup m, and from thence is returned and passed once again between @two of the vertical strings 71,2', of the frame` Je, and from" thence over the periphery `of the lower pulley f tothe `underside of said W pulley, where it is properly fastened. The

uppera-ndLlow-er halves of each= string are knotted or connected together ata point 0. pulley p, Fig. l,` side and turning The'pulley g,ha`s a smaller permanently attached to its with it upon the samearbor. The lower pulley f has also a similar pulley, similarly applied toit, one end of a cord g, tached to the periphery of the lower" pulley, and the other end' thereof, `after passing over the bentendl of aiwire r, being secured tor the periphery of the upper pulley p. TheV Iwire r is connected with a helical or other `suitable spring s, attached to a spring standard t applied tothe main frame.

The stirrup m, before mentioned, is fixed being at-` on one end of a horizontal rod u, which is u 'supported in proper bearings, that permit f it to slide freely, to and' fro, in the direction of its length.` Fig. `7, exhibits a vertical section of the rod u, and the parts immediately adjacent thereto.

presses the rod rearward, or in a direction contrary to that in which the spring s operates, and the extent, of the motion of the said rod, is `determined by a pin or stud L0, which projects vertically from the' same, and moves `in an elongated slot formed in the top of the box i that sustains the rod u, the same being' seen in Figs. l and 7. The upper end of a vertical lever a, is suitably jointed -to the rod u, just in rear of the stirrup m asseen in Figs. l, 5, 7. The fulcrum of the lever e, is at its lower end, or in other words, the said lever works upon a pin a', screwed into standard battached to the main frame. VThere is an impelling pawl c', Fig.` 5, applied to one side of the levers, one end thereof moving freelyon a screw pin which connects it to the lever, and the other or front end engaging with or entering into the teeth of a ratchet wheel d fixed 1lpon a horizontal shaft e. A retaining pawl f, arranged `in rear of the prevents the return of the ratchet wheel, during the recession of the impelling pawl. The shaft e has a coggedpinion g fixed upon it by the side of the ratchet wheel 0l', 'the teeth of the said pinion engaging with those of a gear wheel it arranged upon the A small helical" spring c, through which therod u passes,

pawl c',

friction drum shaft z" that moves t-he cloth roller 7c in order to take up the cloth as the erally in a slot m" of a horizontal plate Z,

projecting` from' Vthe side of. the frame as seen in Figs. 1, 2. l/Vhen the loom is in operation the'lever F is supported againstV a shoulder n', of the slot m', t-he said shoulder`preventing the lever from slipping toward the right. 1 Y

The lever which actuates the hand lever F is seen at 0 pf Q, Fig. 2, and is that which is ordinarily moved by the protective lever. 1t is applied to the undersideof the breast beam, has its fulcrum at 79", extends through a mortise in the right hand post of the main frame, and rests against the rear sid-e of the hand lever. A small plate or arm r Figs. 3, 8 (Fig. 8, being a vertical section of the lever 0 79 g and the arm r and breast beam), extending horizontally from, and at right angles to this lever ina direction' to-` ward the lay, has a small plate or piece of metal s hinged -to it at its inn-er or front end. A wire t', is inserted on the top sui'- face of the plate s and extends vertically a short distance, and is then bent horizontally toward the left, so as to reach by the front of the lever e and to rest against the front side thereof. A horizontal shaft u is supported in suitable bearings o', o, applied to the inner side of the breast beam. This shaft has a small arm or st-ud wproJecting downward from it just in rear of the piece of metal s', the sain-e being seen in Fig. 8. rlhere `1s`also another and similar stud or arm x8, projecting in the same manner from t-he shaft and directly in rear of the lever e,

the same being seen in Fig. 7. An arm 0c Figs. l, 3, extending downward from the right hand en'd of the shaft u, is jointed at its lower end to the connecting rod y, of an eccentric e, placed on one extremity of a horizontal shaft a?, the said shaft a2 being revolved by a spur gear b2V placed upon its opposite end and engaging with a pinion o2 arranged upon one end of the shaftl which actuates the lay.

The above described machinery constitutes what may be `termed the take up mechanism, or that by which, as the weaving of the cloth progresses, it is gradually wound upon .the cloth roller. his machinery is so arranged that whenever the filling or weft thread breaks, the operations of the loom shall be arrested, until the thread is mended,

the usual lever by.V

and the loom thrown again into action by the attendant. The above effect is produced in the following manner. When the shuttle is thrown through the warps into the shuttle box at the right hand end of the lay, it passes through the vertical triangular spaces (Z2 Fig. 5, of the cords 7i, it, and therein leaves the lling thread in the same manner as it is left between the .warps The lay then beats up,`and the vertical cords or strings 2T, e', z', of the frame 7c, carry the filling thread back until it is brought in contact with the knots 0, 0, 0, of the cords h, h. The lay still advancing a short distance, re-

lieves the strain of the cords 71 Ii, upon the pin Z of the stirrup m, and permits the retreaction of the helical spring o, to draw back the rod u, together with the lever z and iinpelling pawl c', the latter of which slips over one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel in which, it rests, and drops into the space immediately in rear thereof. This being accomplished the return of the lay, permits the reaction of the spring s to draw the levere and the pawl o forward and thereby turn the ratchet wheel CZ" and ofcourse the cloth roller therewith, the cloth being thus wound upon the said roller as it is woven, and this operation will continue at every return of the shuttle, into the right hand box of the lay, provided. the filling thread does not break. Vhen the shuttle is thrown back by the picker, o-r from the right hand shut-tie box to the left hand one, it removes the filling from the space cl2.

We will now suppose that during the return of the shuttle from the left hand shuttle box to the right hand one, the filling thread breaks, and the shutt-le passes from the space (Z2 and does not leave any of the filling thread therein. ln this case it is evident that the upright strings c' i of the frame 7c, will pass by the knots 0, 0, and not actuate the cords 7i, z., stirrups m, and rod u, so that they will be stationary. Now whenever the rod u is drawn forward toward the lay, as far as the pin o-r stop w will permit it to move, the lever e will bear against the bent wire t and lift the plate s upward or into an angular position with respect to the plate or arm r, or will so elevate the plate s, that when the shaft u is turned by the action of the eccentric e so as to move the lower end.

the rod u forward or toward the lay, at the rlhe object of the Y second arm vos is to insure the movement of' Y so l by the eccentric e', causes the lower end ofthe arm x2 to press againstthe rearside of the lever @,fsutliciently to throw the same and the rod u as far forward as'` maybe necessary.

Ilshall now proceed to explainA that part ofthe mechanism, by which the weaving of plaidsl orist-riped fabrics is effected. Two circular plates or wheels e2 f2 Figs. 1, 2, et, are firmly fixed upon' the horizontal shaft e the said wheels being placed nearthe left hand end of said shaft, and at a litt-le distance apart from each other as represented infthe drawings. The periphery of each of these wheels is regularly'divided by angular notches g2, g2, g2 of the one and 7b2, h2, h2, of -the other; `but the respective angular notchesofthe two wheelsare not arranged directly opposite to each other, or in radial planes passing through the axis of the shaft. Each of the `notches ofthe first wheel e2, is arranged somewhat in advance, (in a direction toward the lay), of each of those of the second wheel or plate f2, or those of one wheel may `be arranged midway between those of the other.` A horizontal shaft 2 Fig. 2, is supported and moves yin suitable bearings 7a2 7a2 applied to the underside of the breast beam, and directly over the plates e2, f2, as seen in Fig. 6. A dog or projecting piece of metal Zslis firmlylixed on the shaft 2, just within the bearing at its left hand end, the-said dog extending at right angles to t-he shaft and forward, as seen in Figs. 1,4. A small pawl Z2 is affixed, in a similar manner, upon the oppositeor right hand end of the shaft 2,1the front end of this pawl moving over or upon the periphery ofthe notched circular plate e2. Another dog m2, having a pawl n2, `attached to its right hand side, is'supported` upon the shaft 2, between theclog Zs and its pawlZ2, and moves freely and loosely in a vertical direction on the shaft. The dog m2and pawl a2 belong to the second circular plate f2 the pawl rest-ing and acting onits periphery. A` horizontal shaft 02 supported in suitable bearings p2, p2,

so as to slide freely, to and fro, laterally or inthe direction of its length operates in connection withthe dogs Z2 and m2, the position of this shaft being represented in the drawings. The shaft- 02, is jointed, at a short distance-from its right hand end, to the top of a vertical spring lever g2, whose lower end is attached to a `projection or arm r2 of the main frame. `A grooved wheel s2 is fixed upon the shaft 02 as seen in Fig. l, and the shaft is slid to and fro at proper intervals of time, by means of an eccentric 2, arranged on the shaft a2, and whose connecty lng rod u2 is jointed to one arm 002 'L02 of a horizontal bent lever o2 a02 mZ-the oppos-ite arm 7.02, x2 of thislever being connected, at its extremity x2 tothe vertical spring lever g2 by means of a short link or rod y2, the link sliding freely through a.hole formed through the spring lever, and having a head or button a8 upon its right hand end. Thus the spring lever is operated by `the lever c2 102 a, only in one direction, or is moved by thesame toward the left. The left hand end of the lay is provided with a double shuttle box e2, arranged so as to contain two shuttles@3 and b3 as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the former `figure representing a central vertical and longitudinal section of this end of the lay and the latter a transverse vertical sectionthereof. f This shuttle box slides freely up and down through a mortise cut in the beam c3 ofthe lay, the extent of its motion `being regulated by ears d3, d3, e3, e3, projecting` from its front side. When the box is raised up, so that t-he lower shuttle may be j thrown through the warps, the upper sides of the projections e3 are brought into contact with the lower side of t-he beam ofthe lay, or any suitable part thereof, and when the box is lowered into the requisite position for the upper shuttle to act, it is supported therein by the project-ions (Z3, d2, resting upon a shelf or projecting part f3 of the lay.

The mechanism which is applied to the double shuttle box, in order, in connection with other parts before described to raise and depress the shuttle box, may be thus described. Fig. ll, represents a view of the underside of the lefthand end of the lay,

while Fig. l2, is another view showing an elevation of the front side of this end of the lay, and the mechanism of t-he same. A short horizontal shaft g3, is supported in bearings 71.277,3, projecting from the front side of the lay. An arm 3 is fixed to and extends downward from the central part of this shaft. There is also another arm 7a2, projecting therefrom, and fixed thereto, in a similar manner to the first arm-and extending at an angle of ,about forty-live degrees with a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the shaft. The arm 7c3 by the action of a spring as is forced against a roller Z2, which moves in bearings m3, m, extending from the lower side of the shuttle box. There is also a smalllever 03 placed upon a shaft between the arm 2 and 7c3 or by the side of the former thereof.` This lever swings or moves freely back and forth upon the shaft g3, and is connected to a vertical spring p2, by means of a rod g3, extending between them both and ointed to each. The upperend of the spring p3 is secured to the front side of a small standard r3 elevated. upon the lay, in front of the shuttle box, and the said spring has a horizontalV shaft or piece of metal s3, applied thereto, whose rear is beveled down als seen in the drawings.

The picker t3 is applied in the usual manner so as to operate the shuttles, with the exception that its back movement may be accomplished by means of a bent whalebone or steel spring U3.

In order to understand the operation of the several parts as above described, it may be supposed that a plaided fabric or gingham is to be woven, or a piece of cloth in which stripes of white and black alternate, or follow each other in the filling. One of the shuttles, or the upper thereof, contains arbobbin of whitethread, and the other one of black. The warp threads being duly arranged, and the shuttle box down or so that the shuttle containing the bobbin of white thread is in action, the dog ZS is depressed into its lowest position, its pawl Z2 being also at its lowest position in one of the notchesof the circular plate c2. Now while 'the dog lso remains, the right hand end of the shaft 02 will come in contact with the left side of the dog, whenever the shaft is pressed toward the right, by the action of the spring Q2, and the operation of filling with white thread will proceed until the dog ZS is raised. The shafte, being operated or turned by the take up motion before described, carries the circular plates et., f2, around with it, and as their revolution progresses the pawl Z2 of the dog ZS will be lifted out of the notch, and will at the same time elevate the dog ZS. The other pawl of the other dog will afterward fall into a notch of the plate f2 and carry down the dog to which it is connected. Then when the lay beats up, the horizontal shaft 0L will pass under the dog ZS and abut against the side of the dog m2, and this will bring the grooved wheel .S2 in such a position, that the arm will be brought to bear against the periphery of the wheel, to such a degree as to turn the shaft g3 in its bearings, thereby causing the arm 753 to press against the roller Z3 and lift the shuttle box, so that the lower shuttle will be brought into operation, at the next throw of the picker. The shuttle bex will continue elevated, while the dogs remain in their position as last described, and a black stripe of filling will be thrown into the'warps, until the shuttle box is lowered, so as to bring the upper shuttle .into operation, The depression of the shuttlc box isV produced byA the Vpawl Z2 of the df Z8, which, dropping into the succeeding notch vof its circular plate, carries the dog downward and arrests the lateral motion cf the shaft 02 and brings the grooved wheel thereof, into such a position, that when the lay beats up, the lever 03 will be brought against the neri-aber* of the wheel. and willv e: i l i be berne forward to such a degree as to move the alf s3 of the spring 2:3 from under the end of the arm 7.13, and thus permit the descent of the shuttle box. The shuttle box was held up in its elevated position by the arm 7a3, the said arm, whenever it is elevated, striking against the beveled side of the shelf s3 and forcing said shelf outward, until the arm rises above the shelf, when the latter is retracted by the spring p3, and passes under the arm, and supports it and the shuttle box.

It will often happen, that at certain intervals of time, it may be necessaryl to throw into the warps a stripe of filling of a greater width than that of the same color before woven. The machinery by which this is effected may be thus described. Another circularl plate o3 Figs. 2, 6, is arranged upon the shaftc and by the side of the circular plate e2 before mentioned. This plate v3 has the same diameter as the adjacent circular plate,'and its circumference or periphery is also equally divided by notches, w3, w3, in the saine manner as that of the plate e2, with this exception that there is in the plate o3 but one-half the number of notches formed in the plate e2. The plate 'v3 is so xed upon the shaft e', as to be capable of being moved away from the plate c2, a short distance laterally, or in the direction of the axis of its shaft, but not to turn around upon the shaft. lllhen the plates o3 and c? are brought into contact. with each other, the pall which rests upon the latter, being made somewhat wider than the plate e2 or so as to extend by the same 'toward the periphery of the plate o3 and vwill operate in those notches of the two plates which are in direct contiguity, for when the two right, will rest upon the the arc of the circumference comprehendedby any two notches of the plate v3, will be equal to double that formed between any two notches of the other plate e2. Therefore if any one of the notches of one of the plates is placed in direct apposition with any one notch of the other plate, so as to constitute together a continued notch for the pawl to rest in, we shall find that the succeeding notch of the plate o3 will be in apposition with the third notch of the plate c2, and so on, so that in fact the combination of the two plates e2 and o3, forms but a circular plate, having but the same number of operating notches as is contained in the plate 213. Consequently whenever the plate o3 operates on the dog ZS, it keeps the dbg elevated a greater length oftime, than it raised when the plate c2 only is in op-r eration as before described, or as independent of plate o3, thus forming a wider stripe in the filling.

The mechanism Vwhich causes the plate o3 i contact with one of the teeth ya, g/S, ya, Sac

of a gear as, affixed on a horizontal shaft at, the said shaft being supported so asto revolvein al suitable bearing on the top of a standard 7a4, extending verticallyfrom the main framework, as seen in the drawings. The forked end c4 of a vertical lever c4 ZL e4 is inserted in a circular groove f* formed in the hub g4 ofthe plate o3. This lever has its fulcrum at Z4 or it moves on a pinproperly inserted in the top o-fan `arm 7a4, eX- tending from thestandard LH The lower end of this lever is bent horizontally, and then is turned vertically, as seen in Fig. 2, and inserted in a cam groove 4 cut in the periphery of a cylinder t, fixed firmly on the shaft at. Therefore it will be seen, that when the pin mstrikes against any one of t-he teeth of the wheel e3, it will act upon the said wheel and turn the shaft at, and at each entire revolution of the wheel e?, it will cause the grooved cylinder 764, to impart, during` a certain interval of time, a lateral movementtoward the left and then back again towards the right, to the top` of the lever c* Zt ct, and of course to the plate o3,

From what has been herein above eX- plained, it will be readily eomprehended that the elevation and depression of the double shuttle box, is effected by the peculiar arrangement of mechanism intervening between the same and the shaft c', and al though many of the operating parts thereof have been represented, (for the sake of being more easily described), as having certain relative proportions, and positions with regard to each other, it may be remarked that the same should be varied or changed according, to the widths of the various stripes of filling, and the peculiar nature` or pattern of the fabric to be woven. Such variations and changes of the notches of the circular plates e2, f2, o3, as may be found requisite to adapt the mechanism to the weaving of stripes of filling of equal or unequal width, being within the knowledge of mechanics conversant with weaving machinery, it is unnecessary here to enumerate them. Instead of the rotation of the shaft e being insured by the operation of the eccentric z', on the shaft a2, I prefer when plaided or striped goods are to be woven to obtain the motion thereof by means of a bent lever a5 b5 c5, Figs. 2, 5, which turns upon a pin or suitable fulcrum at b5 applied to a horizontal bar c5 connected to t-he swords of the lay. The upper end of the lever a5 b5 c5 is jointed to the lower end of a curved rod Z5 projecting from the shaft u', while the lower part or arm h5 c5 of the said lever is curved in a semicircular form as seen in the drawing. During the recession of the lay from the breast beam, a pin e5 projecting from the side ofone of the liarness treadles f5, comes in contact when the said treadle is down with the lower end c5 of the lever a5 b5 c5, and presses forward the lower end of the lever and thus turns the shaft u and forces forward the lever e and impellingpawl c. Should a thread from the shuttle remain in the space CE2 when the shuttle is thrown 4into the left hand shuttle box, it is removed therefrom when `the lay beats up by a small fingerlever g5 h5 5, which turns ona fulcrum or bearing at h5, applied to the lay as seen in Figs. l, and 5. The lowerend ofthe lever rests upon a spring /05 extending from the frame of the loom, the said spring having a shoulder Z5 4on its upper side against which the lower end 5 of the finger lever strikes when the lay beats up. This throws the upper end g5 forward, and as this end is bent so as to extend in rear of two vertical pins m5 m5 and under the thread, the thread is drawn out of the space d2 as the lay advances. A small spring a5 retracts the finger lever.

Having therefore set forth the nature and principles of my improvements, by which they may be distinguished from others of like character, I shall now proceed to point out the grounds therein on which I rest my claims to novelty.

I claiml. The mechanism denominated the. take up motion, or which operates by means of the filling thread, that is to say, the series of strings z', z', e', as applied to the lay, in combination with the'knotted cords it, L, and other parts connected thereto, and those intervening between the cords and the shaft e, the whole being arranged and operating together substantially as described and for the purpose of producing a regular progressive 'rotary motion to the shaft c, and also to the cloth roller, in order to wind the cloth on the latter as the weaving process is carried on.

I also claim, the apparatus which interrupts the operation of the loom, or causes the same tostop whenever the filling thread breaks, that is to say, the combination with the take up motion of the mechanism intervening between the hand lever F and the lever e, the said mechanism consisting of the horizontal shaft u, having its arms w', w8, (all of which are actuated by an eccentric on the shaft a2), and the horizontal lever 0 p g', having its tripping plate s and other parts connected therewith, the who-le being constructed and operating substantially in the manner as above set forth.

3. I also claim, the peculiar mechanism by which the double shuttle boX is raised and depressed, in order to adapt the loom to the weaving of striped fabrics, the said mechanism consisting of the notched circular plates e2, f2, the paWls and dogs above the same, the sliding shaft 02, shaft g3 and o-ther parts applied thereto and connected with the shuttle box, the Whole being combined, arranged together, and operating substantially as above described.

4. I also claim, the combination with the circular plate e2 of the notched circular plate o3, the Whole being actuated and arranged substantially as described and for the purpose of effecting at certain intervals of time, the Weaving of aV Wider stripe than is Woven by the combined action of the other circular plates.

In testimony that the foregoing is a true description of my said invention and improvements I have hereto set my signature this thirty first day of March in the year eighteen hundred and forty three.

JAMES NIELD.

Witnesses:

Y R. I-I. EDDY,

EZRA LINooLN, Jr. 

